Oppenheimer, Josef

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[Handwritten in Kurrent script along the left margin and top; partially legible] Mag. R. Oppenheimer [?] [Several lines of Kurrent script — content appears to be brief personal greetings typical of a postcard]

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Address side of postcard. Printed heading "Postkarte" at top. Postmark visible from Heilbronn [date partially legible]. Addressed in handwritten Kurrent script to: Fräulein Angela [?] Oppenheimer [c/o?] Kaiser W. Karl [?] Ulm a. D. [Ulm an der Donau]

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[Top: continuation of previous letter — discusses writing, travel plans, and errands] Greetings and kisses M.B. [?] [Second note:] My dear Mina, and from me also heartfelt thanks for your dear letter. As always, we are very [glad?]... The letters always arrive quickly and punctually. From Sally [news]... Remember Aunt Frieda and [try] again about the passport in Hannover and further... You should [?] reside in [?]... that Betty joins on the return journey. On Sunday, Roselie's [daughter/relative] Mane was with us, and [visited] in Semmering where she is very [happy]. She seems quite content.

[Top portion: continuation of letter from 0003] geschrieben [?] muss [?] über [?] begeben die Woche [?] mit [?] nehmen ... [multiple lines in Kurrent] ... Grüsse u. Küsse M.B. [?] [Second note, different handwriting:] Meine liebe Mina, und von mir herzlichen Dank für Deinen lb. Brief. Wir immer, sehen wir mir sehr [?], denn wir [?] um in [?] die Briefe immer schnell u. pünktlich begleich. Von Sally [?] es Dir nichts [?] drücken [?] ... errinnere [?] Tante Frieda u. [?] nur wieder wegen doch u. [?] Pass in Hannover u. weiter [?]. Du sollst Mundige [?] wohnen in [?] dass ein [?] Betty auf die Rückreise anschliesst. Am Sonntag war Roselies Mane bei uns, u. ist mir [?] in Semmerin mit sie sehr [?] v. [?] wohle. Sie steht ganz zufrieden.

This page contains the end of the letter from 0003 and an additional note from another family member (possibly Elsa Oppenheimer). The mention of passports and Hannover suggests early discussion of emigration logistics. Betty, Sally, Aunt Frieda, and Roselie are mentioned as family connections.

Copy Zug, February 4, 1939. Dear Mr. Oppenheimer! I only received your letter of January 21 yesterday. You addressed it to L. Oppenheimer, so the successors of my firm Louis C. [Oppenheimer] received it and forwarded it to me yesterday. I take the liberty of responding to your inquiry. I have long been interested in whether the Hanover Oppenheimers — as the first names Louis and Otto also suggest — the bankers and cattle dealers, were related to the Michelfeld Oppenheimers. They had a very good name in Hanover and I was often asked about this when I frequently traveled to Hanover on business around the turn of the century. As you probably know, I was the last one to continue the specialty product of my great-grandfather, Zacharias O. in Michelfeld (Lower Franconia) until August of this year. In fact, my father Louis O. (son of Sigmund O., the second-youngest son of Zacharias O.) was in Bruchsal, but had to give up the manufacturing due to a lack of suitable materials (or water) at the end of the 1860s. A few years ago, I had a volunteer (Dr. jur. Edgar Wolf) write the history of the firm O. Michelfeld-Bruchsal based on the available documents. The documents you mentioned, I examined and copied about 30 years ago, when they were still in Michelfeld in the archive of the Freiherren [Barons] von Gemmingen, before their transfer to Neckarelz. However, the main files are in the General State Archive in Karlsruhe, and there Dr. Wolf had ample opportunity for interesting studies. A copy of this book is in the possession of my firm's successors, Ernst Franke & Co. in Bruchsal, because we still trade under the name "Uniform Cloth since 1803," which is now being challenged. As you write, you belong to the Gemmingen Oppenheimers, insofar as they are connected with the Michelfeld branch — that is, through the eldest daughter of August O., who was already married into Gemmingen before his departure for the USA, that is, before 1845. I visited the 80-year-old Mr. Hermann O. a year ago and still think fondly of that visit. What is your family relationship to this gentleman? Did you get my address from him or from Dr. jur. Meyer in Hanover, who is also occupied with the family history of the O[ppenheimer]s? I was still in Michelfeld itself last August, to show my three grandsons from Karlsruhe — shortly before their emigration to the USA — the factory building and the residence of their great-great-great-grandfather. We were also able to visit the cemetery where my grandfather — died May 31, 1872 — Sigmund O. is buried (my grandmother, née Levi? from Karlsruhe, is buried in Waghäusel?), because it was a Saturday. Sheet 2

Abschrift Zug, den 4. Februar 1939. Sehr geehrter Herr Oppenheimer! Ihren Brief vom 21.1. habe ich erst gestern erhalten. Sie haben ihn an L. Oppenheimer adressiert, so haben also die Nachfolger meiner Firma Louis C. erhalten, die ihn mir gestern nachzuschicken. Ich erlaube mir, auf Ihre spätere Anfrage zu erklären. Es hätte mich schon lange interessiert, ob die Hannoverschen Oppenheimer, wie als die Vornamen das auch Louis und Otto besagen, die Bankiers und Viehhändler mit den Michelfelder Oppenheimer verwandt waren. Die hatten einen sehr guten Namen in Hannover und ich wurde oft danach gefragt, als ich um die Jahrhundertwende geschäftl. ich oft nach Hannover kam. Wie Sie wohl wissen, war ich der Letzte, der den Spezialartikel meines Urgrossvaters, Sacharias O. in Michelfeld (Unterfranken) im August dieses Jahres weiterführte. Tatsächlich hat mein Vater Louis O. (Sohn des Sigmund O., des zweitjüngsten Sohnes des Sacharias O.) in Bruchsal, hat aber diese die Fabrikation aus Mangel an geeigneten Waren (oder Wasser) Ende der Sechziger Jahre aufgeben müssen. Vor einigen Jahren habe ich einen Volontär (Dr. jur. Edgar Wolf) die Gesichte der Firma O. Michelfeld-Bruchsal anhand der vorhandenen Dokumente schreiben lassen. Die von Ihnen erwähnten Dokumente habe ich vor ca. 30 Jahren eingesehen und abgeschrieben, als sie noch in Michelfeld im Archiv der Freiherren von Gemmingen zur Verfügung nach Neckarelz waren. Die Hauptakten aber befinden sich in Generallandesarchiv in Karlsruhe und dort hat Dr. Wolf reichlich Gelegenheit für interessante Studien gehabt. Eine Abschrift dieses Buches befindet sich im Besitz meiner Firmennachfolger Ernst Franke & Co. in Bruchsal, weil wir unser noch "Uniformtuche seit 1803" firmieren, was jetzt doch beanstandet wird. Wie Sie schreiben, gehören Sie zu den Gemmingschen Oppenheimern, soweit diese mit den Michelfeldern zusammenhängen, also durch die älteste Tochter des August O., also vor dessen Auszug nach USA, also vor 1845 schon nach Gemmingen verheiratet. Den 80-jährigen Herrn Hermann O. habe ich vor einem Jahr besucht und danke noch mit Freude an diesen Besuch. In welchem Verwandtschaftsverhältnis stehen Sie zu diesem Herrn? Haben Sie von diesem meine Adresse oder von Herrn Dr. jur. Meyer in Hannover, der sich ja auch mit der Familiengeschichte der O. beschäftigt? In Michelfeld selbst war ich noch im August letzten Jahres, um meinen drei Enkelbuben aus Karlsruhe kurz vor ihrer Auswanderung nach USA. das Fabrikgebäude und die Wohnung ihres Ur-Ur-Urgrossvaters zu zeigen. Den Friedhof auf dem mein Grossvater + 31.5.1872 — Sigmund O. begraben liegt (meine Grossmutter, eine geb. Levi? von Karlsruhe liegt in Waghäusel?) begraben haben wir auch besuchen können, weil es Samstag war. Blatt 2

Otto Oppenheimer was a textile manufacturer in Bruchsal, Germany, descended from the Michelfeld branch of the Oppenheimer family. His great-grandfather Zacharias Oppenheimer had established a cloth manufacturing business in Michelfeld (Lower Franconia). By February 1939, Otto had already relocated to Zug, Switzerland, likely fleeing Nazi persecution. This letter responds to a genealogical inquiry from another Oppenheimer, possibly from the Hanover branch. Otto discusses the family's connections across Michelfeld, Gemmingen, Bruchsal, and Hanover, and mentions his grandsons' recent emigration to the USA. The letter reveals a family deeply aware of its history even as it faced displacement and persecution. The firm "Uniformtuche seit 1803" (Uniform Cloth since 1803) was a significant textile enterprise.

— 2 — If you are now interested in the ancestry of the O[ppenheimer]s, I urgently recommend: Contact Mr. Head Teacher S. Rosenthal, Mannheim, Rupprechtstrasse 14. This specialist in genealogy and Jewish history of Southern Germany has prepared a very interesting family tree for me based on available documents and gravestones, and has written a paper about it, which I cannot send you without the author's permission. He demonstrated that the O[ppenheimer]s — who, as you correctly write, took their name from Oppenheim and were settled in Worms for at least approximately 300 years (an Aleph in the 900-year-old synagogue in Worms, of which I have a photographic enclosure, was donated by a David Oppenheimer, with three crowns and the inscription: "The best crown is a good name") — and that an O. in the year 1689 (driven out by the turmoil of war) fled to nearby Ladersach on the Bergstrasse. From there his descendants came to Heinsbach, and from there to Hoffenheim and Michelfeld, District of Sinsheim. This Jew Löb O., born around 1650 in Worms and died after 1722 in Heinsbach, was married to a Chare (Eva) Backerach/Bacharach, a daughter of the famous Rabbi Jair Chaim Bacharach of Worms (born 1660 in Worms and died April 5, 1701, in Laundesheim). This Rabbi Bacharach was a grandson of the equally famous Jewish scholar Chave (Eva), who was born in 1580 in Prague and died in 1652 at the age of 72 on her way to Palestine, in Sofia, where she is buried. And this Mrs. Chave was, through her mother Voglein, the granddaughter of the Jew Efra'im ben Sanschel, the Great Rabbi Löw of Prague (born 1512 and died August 22, 1609, in Prague), whose memorial still stands today on the Wenceslas Square in Prague. The grandfather of this great scholar, who became universally known through his legendary "Golem," also bearing the name Chaim (Heinrich), was born in 1450 in Issenheim (Alsace). It does no harm for us to know all this. So contact the above-mentioned Mr. Rosenthal, and if you or your relatives wish to go to the USA, contact Gemmingen for addresses. The descendants of the above-mentioned Mr. August O. are major textile dealers. With warm regards, signed Otto Oppenheimer. [Handwritten note at bottom:] Copy of a letter from the author / proprietor of the firm Louis Oppenheimer / in Bruchsal, now in Zug, Switzerland / Jahrequartierstrasse 28

— 2 — Wenn Sie sich nun für die Abstammung der O's interessieren, so empfehle ich Ihnen dringend: Wenden Sie sich an Herrn Hauptlehrer S. Rosenthal, Mannheim Rupprechtstr. 14. Dieser Spezialist für Familienforschung & Jüdischer Geschichte Süddeutschlands hat mir einen sehr interessanten Stammbaum anhand vorhandener Dokumente und Grabsteine angefertigt und eine Arbeit dazu geschrieben, die ich Ihnen ohne Genehmigung des Verfassers aber nicht schicken kann. Er wies nach, dass die O's, die wie Sie richtig schreiben aus Oppenheim ihren Namen bezogen und ca. mindestens 300 Jahren in Worms ansässig waren (ein Alef in der 900 jährigen Synagoge in Worms, von der ich eine fotografische Beilage, ist von einem David Oppenheimer gestiftet mit drei Kronen und der Inschrift: Das beste Krone ist der gute Name) und also ein O. in Jahre 1689 (die Wirren von dem Sonne vertrieben wurde) in die nahen Bergstrasse nach Ladersach floh. Von da kamen dessen Nachkommen von Heinsbach und von da nach Hoffenheim und Michelfeld. Amt Sinsheim. Dieser Jude Löb O., um 1650 in Worms geboren und nach 1722 in Heinsbach gestorben, war mit einer Chare (Eva) Backerach/Bacharach einer Tochter des berühmten Rabbi Jair Chaim Bacharach aus Worms verheiratet (geb. 1660 in Worms und gestorben 5.4.1701 in Laundesheim). Dieser Rabbi Bacharach ist ein Enkel der gleichfalls berühmten jüdischen Gelehrten Chave (Eva), die 1580 in Prag geboren und 1652 als 72-Jährige auf dem Weg nach Palästina in Sofia gestorben und begraben ist. Und diese Frau Chave ist durch ihre Mutter Voglein die Enkelin des Jude Efra'im ben Sanschel, des Hohen Rabbi Löw von Prag (geb. 1512 und gestorben am 22. Aug. 1609 in Prag) dessen Denkmal heute noch auf dem Wenzelplatz in Prag steht. Der Grossvater dieses grossen Gelehrten, der durch seinen erlebten "Golem" allgemein bekannt wurde, auch wieder auf den Namen Chaim (Heinrich) wurde 1450 in Issenheim (Alsace) geboren. Es schadet nichts, wenn wir das Alles wissen. Wenden Sie sich also an den von mir oben erwähnten Herrn Rosenthal und wenn Sie oder Ihre Angehörigen nach USA wollen, wenden Sie sich um Adressen nach Gemmingen. Die Nachkommen des gleichfalls oben erwähnten Herrn August O. sind grosse T-Händler. Mit herzlichen Grüssen gez. Otto Oppenheimer. [Handwritten note at bottom:] Abschrift eines Briefes von dem Verfasser / Inhaber der Firma Louis Oppenheimer / in Bruchsal, jetzt in Zug i/d Schweiz / Jahrequartierstr. 28

This second page of Otto Oppenheimer's letter contains a remarkable genealogical account tracing the Oppenheimer family back through centuries of Jewish history in the Rhineland. The family tree connects to several prominent figures in Jewish history, most notably the Maharal of Prague (Rabbi Judah Löw ben Bezalel, here called "Rabbi Löw"), the legendary creator of the Golem. The genealogy traces through Rabbi Jair Chaim Bacharach (1638–1702), a renowned Talmudist and rabbi of Worms, and his grandmother Chave/Eva (1580–1652). The reference to 1689 refers to the devastation of the Palatinate during the Nine Years' War (War of the Grand Alliance), which forced many Jews to flee Worms. The Oppenheimers' name derives from the town of Oppenheim in Rhineland-Palatinate. Otto's recommendation of S. Rosenthal as a genealogical specialist, and his mention of relatives emigrating to the USA, reflects the urgency of Jewish emigration from Germany in early 1939.

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA } STATE OF NEW YORK } SS COUNTY OF NEW YORK } I, Samuel Morris, being duly sworn, depose and say: That I reside at 200 West 86 Street, New York City. That in December, 1938, I filed an affidavit of support in favor of Mr. Julius Oppenheimer and wife Mrs. of Alfonsstrasse 1, Munich, Germany, who applied for immigration visas to the United States under the German quota. That I have been informed by the applicants that I should submit additional proofs and that, therefore, I enclose a statement from the Equitable Life Insurance Society showing the cash value of policy #551462 to be $1,016.00. That I have a joint bank account with my wife, Mrs. Ethel Morris, at the National City Bank of New York City, 79th Street and Amsterdam Avenue. That I am very anxious indeed to help Mr. and Mrs. Julius Oppenheimer, since my father was in Germany before he came to this country; that being in very bad circumstances, he received great help from the parents of the above, Mr. and Mrs. Josef Oppenheimer. That I am only too glad to show my gratitude to his children and that I will do everything to make their life in the United States a happy one. That I promise hereby to take Mr. and Mrs. Julius Oppenheimer into my own home, giving them full board and lodging for an indefinite time; that I will take care of all their other expenses, such as medical care and hospitalization, if necessary, and will give them a weekly allowance of $10.00 for their personal needs besides full board and lodging.

This updated affidavit from Samuel Morris expands significantly on his earlier letters (0003/0005) and provides crucial genealogical information. Morris reveals that his father had been helped by "Mr. and Mrs. Josef Oppenheimer" — Julius's parents — when the elder Morris was in dire circumstances in Germany. This confirms that the Oppenheimer family's reputation for generosity extended back at least one generation, to Josef Oppenheimer (Julius's father, b. ~1860s in Gemmingen). Morris's gratitude is deeply personal and intergenerational: the Oppenheimers helped his father, and now he wishes to repay that debt by rescuing their son and daughter-in-law. His financial documentation includes an Equitable Life Insurance policy (#551462) worth $1,016 and a joint bank account with his wife Ethel Morris at the National City Bank (79th and Amsterdam — the same bank branch used by Mina Kaufmann in 0011). His promise of full board, lodging, medical care, hospitalization, and $10/week ($215/week today) represents the most comprehensive support package offered by any sponsor.

B[ad] Cannstatt, November 4, 1939. Dear Mina! Today you should receive another personal letter from me, which unfortunately happens rarely enough -- or as you know, in a household there is always something else to do! As you may have already heard from Uncle Simon, my plan with Denmark fell through. I recently have another small glimmer of hope, but very slim, and it is therefore necessary to start something new. It would mean a great deal to me if you could do something for me -- I do not yet have a guarantee [sponsor/affidavit] for America, and my number would soon be up [on the waiting list]. I would be very grateful if you could perhaps find me a household position, or obtain a guarantee/sponsorship. I hope that you are doing well and that you are always in good health. Are you still at your old place? There is not much to report from us; we moved from Wuppertal half a year ago, and of course I like it much better here than in Wuppertal. There is always plenty of work, because we have a much larger apartment here than in Wuppertal. I always hear good news from Burg and Emma. Josef writes particularly well; he has been at an agricultural estate near Breslau for quite some time now. I hope that you will also find a way for me to get to America; I am very grateful to you for that. For today, greetings and kisses from your Margit.

B. Cannstatt, 4.11.39. Liebe Mina! Heute sollst Du mal wieder von mir personlich einen Brief bekommen, was ja leider selten genug vorkommt, oder Du weisst ja ware dass so in einem Haushalt ist immer gibts was anderes zu tun! Hast Du ja schon von Onkel Simon mal Tonite Lese in Dunkelheitein gehort hast ist meine Sache mit Danemark ins Wasser gefallen, das wusst ich habe neuerdings noch einen kleinen Funken Hoffnung, aber so magerweise, und es ist darum notig etwas Neues anzufangen. Es ware mir nun sehr wohl wenn du fur mich etwas tun konntest, ich habe namlich noch keine Burgschaft fur Amerika, meine Nummer ware nun bald an der Reihe. Ich ware Dir sehr dankbar wenn Du mir vielleicht eine Haushaltsstelle empfindlich machen konntest, bezw. eine Burgschaft beschaffen. Ich hoffe, dass es Dir recht gut geht, und dass Du immer gesund bist. Bist Du immer noch an Deiner alten Stelle? Von uns gibt es eigentlich nicht viel zu berichten, wir sind ja mit seit 1/2 Jahren von Wupffen verzogen, naturlich gedollt es mir hier viel besser als in Wupffen. Arbeit gibt es immer genugend, denn wir haben hier eine viel grossere Wohnung als in Wupffen. Von Burg und Emma hore ich immer gute Nachrichten. Besonders Josef schreibt sehr gut, es ist doch schon langere Zeit auf einem Landwirtschaftsgut bei Breslau. Ich hoffe dass Du auch fur mich eine Moglichkeit findest nach Amerika, ich bin Dir sehr dankbar dafur. Fur heute Grusse u. Kusse von Deiner Margit.

Margit Oppenheimer (born May 31, 1922, Stuttgart) wrote this letter at age 17, desperately seeking sponsorship to emigrate to America. Her plan to go to Denmark had fallen through. She was living in Bad Cannstatt, working as a household helper. Her brother Josef was at the Jewish agricultural training farm near Breslau. Tragically, Margit was unable to emigrate and was deported to Theresienstadt on April 2, 1943, and then to Auschwitz. She survived and emigrated to Palestine after the war, marrying Philip Bernstein.

Dear Mina! From Munich we received a desperate letter today, and in Stuttgart still nothing for Betty's passport photographs has arrived. [Someone] telegraphed this week that the journey would depart next week — what is causing the great delay — Bella in Boston or Aunt Hermine? By the way, the Munich [relatives] have sent 4 crates and 5 kg here, and we will have them loaded on one of the next ships, and you will then need to take them into storage. A family named Bernhard Göschel from Forchheim and a Mr. Jacob Kaufmann from Bayreuth will presumably bring the luggage or take it along; they depart on the 28th. Perhaps it will be sent on another ship, in which case I will let you know by telegram or by "Clipper" [airmail]. Crate: 6963 — with couch/bedding, beds, etc. 6964 — Household items 6965 — [contents not specified] 6966 — Book crate Suitcases: I.O. 1, 10, 12, 14–18 containing clothes, linens, paintings and pictures You must see how you can get to Erich. [The] Kellers say how glad they are! Warm greetings, Arthur

[Main body:] Liebe Mina! Von München [?] bekommen wir heute einen verzweifelten [?] Brief, und in Stuttgart weiter für [?] noch für Betty Lustphotographire eingetroffen. Man [?] diese woche telegraphiert die Fahrt [?] gingen nächste Woche ab, woran liegt nun die grosse Verzögerung — an Bella in Boston oder an Tante Hermine? Übrigens haben die Münchener 4 Kisten und 5 Kg hierhergeschickt, und wir lassen solche mit einem der nächsten Schiffe verladen und musst Du dann solche in Verwahrung nehmen. Voraussichtlich wird eine Familie Bernhard Göschel aus Forchheim und ein Herr Jacob Kaufmann aus Bayreuth das Gepäck oder mitnehmen; diese reisen am 28. [?] hier ab. Vielleicht schicken es aber auch mit einem anderen Schiff dann lasse ich Dich telegrafisch oder per "Clipper" wissen. Kiste: 6963 mit Couch betten Betten etc. 6964 — Haushaltungssachen 6965 — 6966 — Bücherkiste Koffer: I.O.1, 10, 12, 14–18 enthaltend Kleider, Wäsche, Gemälde u. Bilder [?] du musst eben sehen wie Du zu Erich Komest. [?] Kellers sprechen Wie froh sind wir! herzl. Grüsse Arthur

This letter documents the logistics of shipping household belongings out of Germany — a critical aspect of Jewish emigration. The Oppenheimers were sending crated possessions via ship to the United States through intermediaries. The mention of passport photographs, "Clipper" airmail, and the urgency about delays reflects the desperate race to emigrate. Bernhard Göschel from Forchheim and Jacob Kaufmann from Bayreuth appear to be fellow Jewish emigrants carrying luggage on the same ship. The detailed inventory of crates and suitcases preserves a record of what the family tried to save from their household.

[Handwritten portion:] Munich, [date] 1940 Dear Mina, we have [received?] from Hannover... [discusses everyday matters and emigration plans]... Julius [Second note:] Dear Mina, I too [send you?]... the enclosed... warm greetings... [Typed document:] American Consulate of the United States of America, Section 79 To Mr. and Mrs. Julius and Elsa [Oppenheimer] Afganstrasse [?] Munich Stuttgart, [date] 1940 In response to your application submitted on July 3, 1940 regarding an immigration visa, the issuance [requires] your [?] all necessary papers and documents... consulate fees... to appear. Of the submitted documents, [?] two copies... entry permit... which also [indicates?] the consulate's [requirements]... Respectfully, For the Consul General [signature] Vice Consul [?] of the United States of America at the Consulate

[Handwritten portion at top:] München den 17. [?] [19]40 Liebe Mina, [?] haben wir vor einem [?] von Hannover [?] und [?] folgenden alltäglichen [Posten?] welcher Dir die Absicht und [?] leider [?] ... Du kennst die [Sachen?], wie [?] nur so und [?] ... wir [?] [?] jetzt [?] Absicht [?] wollte [?] ... aus [?] sind [?] ganz genau Abschriften [?] nicht [?] reist u. [?] Es das mir [?] ihre [?] wenigstens [?] nicht [?] werden ... [?] ganze [?] klein u. würde [?] Julius [Second handwritten note:] Liebe Mina, auch ich [?] Dich [?] und schicke Dir [?] einem auch [?] Weg die beiliegende [?] Grüsse Dich herzlich [?] der uns [?] nichts Besseres [?] zu erklären [?] M.b. [?] [Typed document at bottom:] Amerikanisches Konsulat der V.St.M. Abt. 79 Herrn u. Frau Julius u. [?] Elsa [?] Afganstrasse [?] München An der Sprechstunde auf Ihren am 3. Juli 19 40 [?] eingereichten Antrag [?] hier von Einwanderungsvisum dafür ist die Ausstellung [?] Ihres mündlichen [?] Ihres müssen das [?] erforderliches Papiere alle Antworten [?] der [?] Möglichkeit u. Ihre als etwas [?] der Konsulatsgebühren [?] hiermit mir [?] zu erscheinen. Von das bekanngegebnen Dokumenten wurden [?] zwei Kopie [?] eine Bestellung oder [?] von [?] und [?] Abstimmungsterminen mitteilen [?] wir [?] wir die Einreiseerlaubnis [?] gab Seite 19 [?] welches auch daraus [?] Konsulats der Reisen auswärtige lässt. Hochachtungsvoll Für den Generalkonsul [?] d. B. Gemein [?] Vizekonsul B. [?] der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika bei dem Konsulat

This is an exceptionally important document. It contains an official response from the American Consulate in Stuttgart regarding Julius and Elsa Oppenheimer's application for an immigration visa to the United States, filed on July 3, 1940. The U.S. Consulate in Stuttgart handled visa applications for the southern German region. By 1940, the visa process had become extremely difficult, with long waiting lists, extensive documentation requirements, and the need for affidavits of support from American relatives. This document represents part of the paper trail of the Oppenheimers' ultimately unsuccessful attempt to emigrate. Julius and Elsa Oppenheimer were later deported and murdered in the Holocaust.

Munich, November 5, 1940. Dear Mina! Today [I am sending?] an enclosed small package... [expressing hopes and wishes] that everything will be good again in [coming] years... [News about family]... Your Thekla E. and J. [Elsa and Julius] [Second note:] Dear Mina, [Short update about health and family, mention of Red Cross communication] [Third note:] Dear Mina! Hopefully we will soon receive news from you... [Discussion about packages and supplies]... For today, warm greetings, Anna Volz [?]

München den 5. Nov. 1940. Liebe Mina! Heute [?] von einem einliegend [?] kleines Paket [?] nachgeschickt erhoffen [?] ich [?] Wünsche [?] wir alle wieder gut aber in [?] ein Jahren in Erfüllung gehen mögen. [?] nachher [?] auf lieben Brief [von?] [?] ... [?] in [?] Jahren [?] guten Bericht ... griisst alle [?] Verwandten [?] an ... und [?] noch [?] weiter [?] die Kinder [?] ist [?] der Mutter [?] alles gut [?] ... Deine Thekla E. u. J. [Elsa und Julius] [Second note:] Liebe Mina, [Short message — appears to discuss health and family news, mentions "Rote Kreuz" (Red Cross)] Deine Thekla [?] [Third note:] Liebe Mina! Hoffentlich bekommen wir bald [?] Nachricht von Dir [?] Ihr [?] leben Seite [?] dass in [?] Nachkür [?] fertig [?] sind [?] vorläufig [?] gebraucht [?] uns und hoffe [?] dass bald [das?] [?] ... damit ankommt. Für heute [?] herzliche Grüsse Anna Volz [?] [Fourth note at bottom:] [?] würde nicht vorgeschickt. [?] Kuvekal [?] [?] Grüsse [?] ... Seife abgegeben [?]

By November 1940, the Oppenheimers in Munich were living under severe Nazi restrictions. Communication with relatives abroad was increasingly limited to Red Cross messages. Multiple family members added short notes to letters, maximizing use of the limited postal opportunities. The letter contains wishes and hopes that the situation would improve.

Munich, January 14, [year] Dear Kriegs family! [New Year's greetings and wishes]... dear sister... children... and from mother... [discussing] birthday — [hoping that] the journey [will happen]... greetings... My dear ones, through your dear [letters] we always [hear] from you and are glad that you have settled in. But you are already a young lady — for it has been almost [several] good years since you left here. Mina is now no longer in New York but has been in Baltimore for several weeks. How are your dear wife [and] Mr. [?]. From my loved ones in Holland, we regularly receive news and they are, thank God, healthy... Please do let us hear from you sometime. All most warmly greeted by your Elsa. [Bottom note — address:] To Siegfried Kriege, Horace Harding Road 15, East [?] Plain, N.J.

München den 14. Jan. [?] Liebe Familie Kriegs! Hoffen und dürfen Neues Jahr's [?] Grüsse über liebe Schwester u. Hallo [?] Kinder [?] und von der Mutter [?] Last u. glauben [?] wurde [?] ein gewisse [?] der Normalene u. Geburtstag — und [?] ganz nur [?] die Reise wieder [?] auslassen! [?] ich [?] uns war, und nicht etwas die lieben u. [?] empfangen alle liebt. [?] Grüsse u. U. Meine lieben, über [?] lieben Seelen wir immer von Euch u. freuen uns, dass Du und [?] eingebehlt habt. Aber aber wir schon eine junge Dame — [?] denn es wird doch schon beinahe gute Jahre, dass Ihr von hier fort seid. Mina ist [?] ja nun nicht mehr in New York sondern seit einigen Wochen in Baltimore. Wie geht es Deinen lb. Frau [?] Herr [?]. Von meinen Lieben in Holland haben wir regelmässig Nachrichte sind u. sie ist Gottseidank gesund. [?] Dein [?] Kleiner auch die [?] u. [?] Habt bitte auch mal etwas von Euch hören für sie. Alle herzlichst gegrüsst von Eurem Elsa. [Bottom note:] An Siegfried Kriege, Horace Hardling [?] Road 15 East Plain, N.J. [?]

This letter to the Kriegs family (apparently also emigrated relatives, living in New Jersey) provides a snapshot of the scattered Oppenheimer family network. Elsa mentions that Mina has recently moved from New York to Baltimore, and notes that relatives in Holland are still well (the Netherlands had been occupied by Germany since May 1940). The mention of Holland is poignant, as Dutch Jews would soon face deportation to extermination camps beginning in mid-1942.

Envelope back (reverse side). Return address partially visible: [Elsa Sara?] Oppenheimer, München Ainmillerstr. [?] German censorship stamp: "Geöffnet" (Opened) with Nazi eagle and swastika seal — indicating the letter was opened and inspected by German censors before leaving the country.

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Envelope back (reverse side). Return address: Elsa Sara Oppenheimer, München Ainstr. 19/II [i.e., Ainmillerstrasse 19, 2nd floor] Censorship markings: Red circular stamp with Nazi eagle — "Geöffnet" (Opened) indicating German censorship. Additional U.S. postal markings visible: "BRONX CENTRAL ANNEX" circular postmark, suggesting the letter was routed through the Bronx post office in New York before forwarding to Baltimore.

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2 family (from Ralf, Stadthagen). Dr. B. was formerly a lecturer at the University of Berlin and has now been in the same position at the University of Princeton for about 3 years. His wife is a very good acquaintance of mine; the father of this gentleman was also very well known to me. The in-laws have for their part already written to their son-in-law. He will gladly stand by you not only with advice but also with action. So please take the time to get in touch with him immediately. I am delighted [to hear] and for all that R. has stood by me in the most necessary way, I ask you to convey my best thanks. What are the other relatives in New York doing? And how are Dr. Max and his brothers? From his father, and also from Ida, I have heard nothing despite the greatest effort. Dr. Rosenthal has been in San Francisco since June, where he is currently working as an instructor in military service training. He believes he will eventually find a position there in his field. His address is: Dr. Rosenthal c/o Dr. Hans Aberg, 3147 Mission Street, San Francisco, California, née mother of Mrs. Dr. Seebach. [She] passed away last year and was buried on the farm. If you would send condolences there, that would be very appropriate. From Anna I have heard nothing since last month. Josef is still in Gross-Breesen. Beyond that, I have no further news to report. I would like to close now with the wish that you may stay healthy and that you can have your mother come to stay with you. Stay very well, greet all acquaintances, and receive the warmest greetings and kisses from your uncle Simon

2 Familie (aus Ralf, Stadthagen). Dr. B. war früher Dozent an der Universität Berlin und ist jetzt seit circa 3 Jahren in gleicher Position an der Universität in Princeton. Dir Frau ist eine sehr gute Bekannte von mir, auch der Vater dieses Herrn war mir sehr bekannt. Die Schwiegereltern haben ihrerseits bereits an Ihren Schwiegersohn geschrieben. Derselbe wird Dir gerne nicht nur mit Rat, sondern auch mit Tat zur Seite stehen. Also Dir also bitte so viel Zeit [nehmen] Dich sofort mit demselben in Verbindung. Ich freue mich von [Herzen] und was mir zuvor R. in allernotiger Weise beigestanden hat und bitte ich Dir hiermit meinen besten Dank zu bestellen. Was machen die übrigen Angehörigen in New York? Und wie geht es Dr. Max und seinen Brüdern? Von seinem Vater, ebenso auch von Ida habe ich trotz grösster Mühe nicht gehört. Dr. Rosenthal ist seit Juni schon in San Franzisko, wo er sich augenblicklich als Instrukteur beim Militärdienst zur Ausbildung beschäftigt. Er glaubt dort irgend eine Anstellung in seinem Fach später zu erhalten. Die Adresse von ihm ist: Dr. Rosenthal c/o Dr. Hans Aberg, 3147 Missionstreet, San Francisco / Californien, geb. Mutter von Frau Dr. Seebach. [Sie] ist bereits voriges Jahr verschieden und auf der Farm beigesetzt. Wenn Du dahin kondolieren würdest, wäre dieses sehr angebracht. Von Anna mehr ich seit letzten Monats nichts gehört. Josef ist noch in Gross Breesen. Vielmehr weiss ich auch nicht zu unterrichten. Ich möchte jetzt mit dem Wunsche schliessen, dass Du gesund bleiben mögest und lass Deine Mutter bei Dir sehen kannst. Bleibe recht gesund, grüsse alle Bekannten und empfange die herzlichsten Grüsse und Küsse von Deinem Onkel Simon

This continuation reveals Simon's network of contacts and the scattered state of the family by late 1941. The reference to Dr. Breuer at Princeton University reflects the network of German-Jewish intellectuals who had emigrated to American academia. Dr. Rosenthal working as a military instructor in San Francisco shows Jewish refugees contributing to U.S. military preparedness before America's entry into WWII (December 1941). The mention of "Josef is still in Gross-Breesen" refers to the Gross-Breesen agricultural training farm near Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland), a Zionist-inspired agricultural training center that prepared young Jews for emigration through farming skills. Communication was limited to Red Cross messages, and Simon expresses hope that Mina can bring her mother to the United States. Simon's closing wish — that his niece stay healthy and be reunited with her mother — carries poignant weight given his own impending fate.

Simon Israel Oppenheimer III. Hannover, Herschelstrasse 31. Hannover, October 8, 1941. My dear niece, dear nephew! Your letter, dear niece, of the 7th of last month was forwarded to me by Uncle Julius. In the meantime, you will have received my letters as well. I can easily understand that with all your work you cannot always write punctually. Hopefully you and all the relatives are well, which is also mostly the case with me. For the [autumn] we do not have such great heat as you do; we still have wonderful weather for this time of the autumn. That you receive regular news from nephew D. Katten is very pleasing; in Hannover, however, it is unfortunately the case that one can [barely get field post through]. Sad, but true. Do try once more through the Joint [Distribution Committee] whether it might be possible to learn the address of O., so that as soon as possible an entry [permit] toward Cuba could be arranged for him, because after all, with these people, for whom the Dollar plays such a big role, it would mean the least [difficulty]. I am very sorry to hear that Mrs. Ottenheimer has passed away. Please give my heartfelt condolences to her children. I have in the past months still had some things to move, and under current orders I had to vacate my apartment into [another] house and am now in quarters that are something quite different from what one is accustomed to. Margit herself still has it somewhat bearable insofar as she now lives entirely in the old [place] and manages. But one has already [adjusted] to this, and one will surely see each other again, just as one will come together again with one's whole family, because the war — you must also see this — will come to an end someday. Dear nephew, are you still employed at your old business? As I [learned] from your wedding day... [several lines difficult to decipher due to typewriter quality]... Please go to Mrs. Gundersheimer, with her I have left a box of [Glanzbilder/collectible cards] for you, with great care. How are Aunt Sophie K. and Sally K.? From Aunt Henny I also received news about 14 days ago through the Red Cross. I was very glad to receive greetings for the holidays as usual... [additional personal greetings, partially illegible]... So once again, warmest greetings from your uncle. Be most warmly greeted and kissed by your uncle Simon

Simon Israel Oppenheimer III. Hannover, Herschelstr. 31. Hannover, den 8. Oktober 1941. Meine liebe Nichte, lieber Neffe! Deinen Brief, lb. Nichte, vom 7. v. Mts. wurde mir von Onkel Julius eingesandt. Inzwischen werdet Ihr wohl meine Briefe auch erhalten haben, mir leicht verständlich, dass Ihr bei Eurer Vielarbeit erst nicht immer pünktlich schreiben könnt. Hoffentlich seid Ihr und alle Verwandten gesund, was auch bei mir zum grössten Teil der Fall ist. Für den [Herbst] zu haben wir nicht solch grosse Hitze wie bei Euch; wir haben zurzeit für den Herbst betrachtet noch ein herrliches Wetter. Dass Ihr vom Neffen D. Katten regelmässig Nachricht habt, ist sehr erfreulich, in Hannover aber ist es leider so, dass man hier Feldpost beigrimmmen kann. Traurig, aber wahr. Versucht doch nochmals durch den Joint, ob nicht von dort die Adresse O. er etwas erfahren werden könnte, dass er sobald als möglich, um ihn eine Einreise-[Erlaubnis] Richtung nach Kuba sorgen können, denn schliesslich spielt doch bei diesem Menschen, die das Wort [?] Dollar bei denen keine solche, alldem grosse Rolle. Dies wäre noch die wenigsten [?]. Dass Frau Ottenheimer verstorben ist, bedauere ich sehr. Sagt bitte Ihren Kindern mein herzliches Beileid. Ich habe bis jetzt in den letzten Monats immer noch etwas Verkleidung nachtragen, und bei jetziger Anordnung meine Wohnung in eigenes Haus räumen müssen und bin jetzt in einem Quartier das doch etwas anderes ist [als] man gewöhnt ist. Margit selbst hat es noch insofern einigermassen [erträglich], weil sie jetzt Vollständig in Altem wohnt und sorgen [?]. Aber man hat sich da schon zu [?], oder man [?] und dort und man sieht sicher wieder, ebenso man wieder mit seinen ganzen Familiengliedern zusammen kommen kann, denn der Krieg, das müsst Ihr ja auch wohl einsehen, wird ja auch mal ein Ende nehmen. Lieber Neffe, bist Du noch in Deinem alten Betrieb beschäftigt? Wie ich damals von Eurem Hochzeitstag mir Eurer Freund[?]. Be danach auch nach langem der Partner frei ist, würde es mich sehr freuen. Du wirst ich das Er darber freut kann und so allein in diesem Milieu verbleiben [?]. Wenn auch die bitte bitte Dir und Deine Mutter in Eurem Haus. Leb wohl jetzt mein Lieber u. lass Mich bitte baldmöglichst über Dich hören. Geh zu Frau Gundersheimer, bei dieser habe ich Dir eine Schachtel von Glanzbilder in Grosser Sorge. Wie geht es Tante Sophie K. und Sally K.? Von Tante Henny Mues ich Dir von ca. 14 Tagen ebenfalls über das Rote Kreuz Nachricht erhalten. Ich habe für zu Grosser Freude auf die Feiertage und wie übliche [?] Grüsse. Auch Nichte, ich schreibe Dir nicht, ob Siegfried Heller und dessen Gattin [?] reguliert habt wie geht es Leutrungen. Anna Kloten von Heimer und Familie Erwin [?] es ihnen. Also nochmals alle herzlichen Grüsse von Euren Onkel. Seid herzlichst gegrüsst und geküsst von Eurem Onkel Simon

This letter, dated October 8, 1941, was written just weeks before the first mass deportation of Jews from Hannover (on December 15, 1941, to Riga). Simon's mention of being forced to vacate his apartment reflects the Nazi policy of "Zusammenlegung" — the compulsory relocation of Jews into designated "Judenhäuser" (Jewish houses), which concentrated Jewish residents into overcrowded shared quarters as a prelude to deportation. His use of the mandatory middle name "Israel" (required since 1939) is visible in the letterhead. Communication was increasingly restricted — Simon notes receiving news only through the Red Cross. His attempts to arrange emigration to Cuba through the Joint Distribution Committee reflect the desperate search for any escape route. The letter reveals a man trying to maintain family connections and a sense of normalcy while living under increasingly dire conditions. Simon Israel Oppenheimer III was deported from Hannover and murdered in the Holocaust.

[Top of page damaged/torn, text begins mid-sentence] ...unfortunately, God willing, in recent [times] ... changes have also occurred here in our family. Aunt Frieda and Gretel departed last Thursday to an unknown destination, along with many others. Such arrangements are also being prepared here. How long I will remain here, I unfortunately cannot yet say. From your dear mother and all our other relatives, I hear only through the Red Cross. They all write that they are well; unfortunately, from here any help is impossible. Hermann Marx and his wife will probably have already arrived in Cuba as an intermediate stop by now. They firmly promised me to do as much as possible to at least ease the situation of the poorest through financial contributions. Hopefully they will keep their word. Here in Hannover there is nothing new to report. From Munich you will be kept up to date by Uncle Julius. Margit already returned about 6–7 weeks ago to Stuttgart to her mother; all of this was under the old [arrangements]. Please contact, with reference to me, Dr. Breuer in Princeton, N.J., 24 Wilton Street. This gentleman is the son-in-law of a family I am friends with —

[Top of page damaged/torn, text begins mid-sentence] ...leider Gottes wird in jüngster [Zeit] ... Veränderungen auch hier in unserer Familie vorgekommen. Tante Frieda und Gretel sind letzten Donnerstag unbekannt wohin mit noch vielen anderen abgereist. Auch hier sind derartige Anordnungen vorbereitet. Solange mein Bleiben noch hier ist, kann ich leider auch noch nicht sagen. Von Deiner lieben Mutter und allen unseren anderen Angehörigen höre ich nur über das Rote Kreuz. Sie schreiben wohl alle, dass sie gesund sind, leider Gottes ist von hier aus eine Hilfe unmöglich. Hermann Marx und Frau werden wohl bereits jetzt schon in Kuba als Zwischenlandungsort eingetroffen sein. Sie versprachen mir fest, soviel als möglich zu tun, um wenigstens den Ärmsten durch finanzielle Zuwendungen ihre Lage nach Möglichkeit zu erleichtern. Hoffentlich halten sie auch Wort. Hier in Hannover gibt es Neues nicht zu berichten. Von München wirst Du von Onkel Julius laufend unterrichtet. Margit ist schon von circa 6–7 Wochen nach Stuttgart zu ihrer Mutter zurückgefahrt, dies betraf in Altem alles unter D. Nahren. Wende Dich doch unter Bezugnahme auf mich an Herrn Dr. Breuer in Princeton N.J. 24 Wilton Street. Dieser Herr ist der Schwiegersohn einer mir befreundeten

This fragment is of exceptional historical significance. The passage about "Aunt Frieda and Gretel" who "departed last Thursday to an unknown destination, along with many others" is a direct reference to deportation. The phrase "unbekannt wohin" (to an unknown destination) was the common way Jews in Germany described deportations — they did not know where the transports were headed. Simon's ominous statement "Such arrangements are also being prepared here" and "How long I will remain here, I unfortunately cannot yet say" reveals his awareness that deportation from Hannover was imminent. The mention of communication only through the Red Cross, the impossibility of help from Germany, and the reference to Cuba as an "intermediate stop" (Zwischenlandungsort) all reflect the increasingly desperate and isolated situation of Jews remaining in Germany in late 1941. The systematic deportations from Hannover began on December 15, 1941, when approximately 1,001 Jews were deported to Riga.

[First section:] Munich, October 11, 1941 Dear Mr. and Mrs. Langstein! Through dear Mina, we learned of the untimely passing of your dear brother and beloved [relative], and we express our most heartfelt condolences. At the same time, we have been informed and have arranged through Mr. Herre to have [prayers] read for the deceased. We hope that you have somewhat recovered from your grief. At the same time, I thank you for your help toward me... for the good that you and dear Mina [have done]... a package was sent and received... Julius Oppenheimer [Second section:] Dear Langstein family, I too would like to express my sincere condolences on the untimely passing of your dear brother and brother-in-law. Through Mina here we hear from you and are glad that you are healthy. She is very content in her new profession. As we hear from Karl here, your dear mother and Karl and family are also healthy. And from me once again many heartfelt thanks for everything. With warm greetings, yours, Elsa Oppenheimer

[First section:] München den 11. Okt. 1941 Sehr geehrter Herr u. Frau Langstein! Durch die liebe Mina liessen mir von dem allzufrühen Ableben Ihres lb. Bruders u. lieben Landes u. sprechen Ihnen unsere herzlichste Beileid aus. Gleichzeitig sind wir hiervor verständigt und lassen wir durch Herrn Herre für den Verstorbenen lesen. Wir hoffen, dass Sie viel von Ihrem Aufzügernen etwas erholt haben. Gleichzeitig danke ich Ihnen für [?] Ihre Hilfe mich gegenüber [?] für das Gute, das Sie lb. Mina u. [?] Seide [?] doch ist das bringt [?] Paket [?] gesand u. empfangen [?] Grüsst [?] Julius Oppenheimer [Second section:] Sehr geehrte Familie Langstein, auch ich möchte Ihnen zu dem allzufrühen Ableben Ihres lb. Bruders u. Schwagers meine aufrichtige Beilnahme aussprechen. Über Mina hier können wir von Ihnen u. freuen uns, dass Sie gesund sind. Sie ist in ihrem neuen Beruf [?] sehr zufrieden. Wie mir von Karl hier, ist Ihre lb. Mutter u. auch Karl mit Familie gesund. Und von mir nochmals vielen herzlichen Dank für alles Eins. Liebe Grüsse Ihre Elsa Oppenheimer

This condolence letter from Julius and Elsa Oppenheimer to the Langstein family, written just weeks before the mass deportations began, reveals the family's continued adherence to social customs and human kindness even under extreme persecution. The mention of Mina's "new profession" (neuer Beruf) may indicate she had found work in America. Karl appears to be a family member still in the Munich area. Julius and Elsa write from Ainmillerstrasse 19/II in Munich, where they were confined.

Airmail envelope front. Addressed to: Luftpost Nordamerika [Airmail North America] Fräulein Dr. Mina Kaufmann c/o Engel Baltimore 4006 Norfolk Avenue Stamps: Two Deutsches Reich postage stamps — a 40 Pfennig stamp (Adolf Hitler portrait) and a 25 Pfennig stamp (Paul von Hindenburg portrait). Blue "MIT LUFTPOST / PAR AVION / BY AIR MAIL" label affixed at lower left. Circular censor mark "Ab" visible. Postmark: Hannover.

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This envelope carried a letter from Simon Israel Oppenheimer III in Hannover to his niece Dr. Mina Kaufmann in Baltimore. The use of the mandatory middle name "Israel" (required for Jewish men by the Nazi decree of August 17, 1938) and the Deutsches Reich stamps with Hitler's portrait reflect the conditions under which German Jews corresponded in 1941. The censorship marks indicate wartime mail inspection.

Munich, November 20, 1941 Dear Mina and [family]! ... [The letter discusses various family matters, mentions America, makes references to relatives including Margit, Betty, and others. Contains ongoing discussion of emigration ("Auswanderung"). Asks Mina to greet all relatives in Baltimore. The tone is increasingly urgent.]

München den 20. Nov. 1941 Liebe Mina u. Leute [?]. In [?] den [?] erinnern [?] ja, die wie [?] Amerikaner menschenlos wunderbares machten wie es längst wollte aus und Lieben [?] nach [?] ihr [?] unsere Mannen [?] Stolz und [?] Gefühliges [?] ... Seite um ein Lieben dorthin [?] aber ganz Los und Lieder u. Herren [?] dass [?] Alles ebenfalls Altes Kalles wechsler erleben. [?] nochmals wir wollen Besuchen. Es Kommunen in habe [?] [?] [?] [?]. Für Freuen Schein Verleiher das Band Reise [?] und [?] und bekam [?] wird u. verschwand [?]. [?] ist [?] gesandt dass [?] [?] uns [?] ... [?] ... Alle [?] und ... Margit die [?] Hammer u. Freden [?] und Ib. [?] Treiben [?]... komme [?] meines [?] Stuken [?] in [?] auf [?] gern [?] frei 10 [?] Hilfe. Von Allein [?] Klose [?] in Betty [?] kamen in [?] bin ich wollte [?] keine Antwort [?] u. [?] ist so schon ein Alter [?] Mina, Dr. [?] oder Ernst D. [?]. Von immer nach Briefe mit der Auswanderung. Grüsst bitte Alle [?] herzl. Seiten... noch [?] trefflich [?] und in Baltimore. G. Mina, hat [?] sie alles gebrochen. Von Welt [?] u. bitte [?] gesagt [?] gefunden u. [?] an [?] Konfidentstellen [?] alle [?] Verwandten viele [?] Grüsse. —

Written on November 20, 1941, this is one of the very last letters that could have been sent from Munich to America. The first mass deportation from Munich took place on November 20, 1941 — the very date of this letter — when approximately 1,000 Jews were deported to Kaunas (Kovno), Lithuania, where most were murdered upon arrival on November 25, 1941. Whether Julius and Elsa were on this transport or a later one requires further research. The United States declared war on Germany on December 11, 1941, ending all direct postal communication. This letter may represent one of the Oppenheimers' final communications with their American relatives.

Munich, December 21, 1941 [Sender identification:] Frida Sara Oppenheimer, Munich 5 Dear Mina! [The letter appears to be from Frida (Sara) Oppenheimer, not directly from Julius and Elsa, though filed with their correspondence.] ...I always hear from Aunt Frieda that you are doing well, and I am glad... I hope you will soon have the joy... I wish it for you with all my heart... that you unfortunately [had to] find yourself in a new homeland, but at least you do not need to worry about... For me it was unfortunately no longer possible... the community... I should [report] some news... I have long since realized that good thoughts and good feelings would be wasted on an unworthy person. Dear Mina, fate has, I believe, taken quite good care of me. I met a man through the Wanderbund [hiking association]... [Discussion of personal relationship]... You yourself don't yet know exactly when further [news]... but I think soon...

München, 21. Dez. 1941 [?] Frida Sara Oppenheimer München 5 [?] [Text written upside-down and in margins, partially legible:] ... [?] von allem Guten [?] schöne Nachricht ... Liebe lb. Mina! — hab [?] [?] [?] [?] [?] [?] dass aus der [?] ... Für alle Grüsse u. Tante Frieda höre ich immer wie es Dir gut geh! u. freue mich, wenn es Euch die Mutter [?] ... Hoffnung [?] hat gelangt es Dir bald Freude in halten [?] Dir zu halten ich wünsche es Dir von ganzen Herzen die gleiche [?] Mina, dass Du leider [?] euch geforschen hat in einen neuen Heimat, so brauchst Du doch wenigstens keine Abhilge für Deine Leuter [?] sein. Du mir war es mir leider nicht mehr möglich, dass die Unvorständlichkeit von Deine u. kann ich [?] mit der Gemeinschaft muss mir einmal [?] Nachrichten. Alle eventuellen [?] allerdings bin ich längst [?] da [?] eingesehen habe, dass gleich gute Gedanke u. jedes gute Gefühl an einem Unwürdigen gegeben würde. Liebe Mina, das Schicksal hat es [?] glaube ich, [?] war ganz gut mit mir gesorgt, ich habe am Wanderbund eine einen Mann kennen gelernt, dass es wirklich [?] was man alles hat [?]. Du mir selbst, wissen aller dings wird nicht genau, wann Dir weiteres, aber ich denke bald, wie ich gleichwohl [?], [?] gebraucht ge funden [?] halten, der so mir gross, damit Du dies [?] Menschen. [?] ist viel Rapt. [?] zu hören sehr viel, die Frau in der ganzen Welt u. nicht gut [?]. [?] ich nehme alle [?] [?] es geht [?] mit brauen u. [?]

This letter, dated December 21, 1941, was written just weeks after the United States entered WWII (December 7-11, 1941) and during the month when the first mass deportations from Munich began. The use of the mandatory middle name "Sara" (required for Jewish women since 1939) identifies the writer as Jewish. The letter appears to be from Frida Sara Oppenheimer, discussing personal matters including a new relationship. By this date, direct mail between Germany and the USA had effectively ceased due to the declaration of war. This may be among the last letters to reach America from this branch of the family.

My dear ones, July 18, 1942 This morning your beautiful package arrived, and we thank you most warmly for it. Everything arrived in very good condition and tastes excellent, and it made us very happy, as always. You are right, dear Karl — the jam jar could [not survive] this shipping [process] without breaking. Hopefully you are all well and have good news from Karl? It has now gotten warmer. Did you receive our letter and the empty cartons? We are, thank God, healthy and already look forward to your dear letter, dear Karl. Once again, all the best and may God reward you, with best greetings to all of you, your loving Julius and Elsa

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This brief but deeply poignant letter, dated July 18, 1942, is one of the latest documents in this collection. By this date, the systematic deportation and murder of Munich's Jews was well underway. The first deportation from Munich to Kaunas occurred on November 20, 1941, followed by transports to Piaski (April 1942), Theresienstadt, and Auschwitz. That Julius and Elsa were still able to write in July 1942 suggests they had not yet been deported. The letter's mundane discussion of packages, jam jars, and weather stands in stark contrast to the horror surrounding them. The phrase "Vergelt's Gott" (May God reward you) is a traditional Bavarian/Southern German expression of deep gratitude. This letter represents the Oppenheimers clinging to normalcy and family connection in the face of impending catastrophe.

Josef Oppenheimer Stuttgart-Lederberg Neuwiesenstr. 239 Stuttgart, October 30, 1946 To: Mrs. Mina Kaufmann, 2914 Norfolk Ave. Baltimore 15, Md. U.S.A. Dear Cousin Mina! I hope that you have received my first letter in the meantime, in which I wrote to you about where our relatives ended up and that no one came back! I am writing to you today through the American Joint [Distribution Committee] in Stuttgart, as the letters arrive faster and more safely from there. As I already told you in my last letter, I would like to emigrate to America and have asked you for an affidavit. I hope that you can provide me with an affidavit. If I have an affidavit, I can emigrate soon. Almost all German Jews and many of my concentration camp comrades who survived have already emigrated to the U.S.A., or intend to do so in the near future. I will certainly not be a burden to you in America, as I am used to working. Please write to the American Joint (American Joint Distribution Committee) whether you are in a position to provide me with an affidavit and whether your financial circumstances allow it. Below is the exact address of the American Joint: American Joint, Stuttgart-West, Reinsburgstrasse Nr. 26, Waihinhaus, Germany. Now I want to close for today. I hope you and your family are well. With the warmest regards to all of you, I remain Your cousin Jo. [Josef] Oppenheimer [Handwritten postscript:] In case the first letter was lost, I am sending it again.

Josef Oppenheimer Stuttgart-Lederberg Neuwiesenstr. 239 Stuttgart, den 30. Oktober 1946 To: Mrs. Mina Kaufmann, 2914 Norfolk Ave. Baltimore 15, Md. U.S.A. Liebe Cousine Mina! Ich hoffe, dass Du meinen ersten Brief inzwischen erhalten hast, in welchem ich Dir geschrieben habe, wohin unsere Verwandten gekommen sind und dass niemand mehr zuruckkam! Ich werde Dir heute uber den American Joint in Stuttgart schreiben, da die Briefe von dort schneller und sicherer bei Dir ankommen. Wie ich Dir schon in meinem letzten Brief mitgeteilt habe, mochte ich gerne nach Amerika auswandern und habe Dich um ein Affidavit gebeten. Ich hoffe, dass Du mir ein Affidavit stellen kannst. Wenn ich ein Affidavit habe, kann ich bald auswandern. Fast alle deutschen Juden u. viele meiner K.Z. Kameraden, die es uberlebt haben, sind schon nach U.S.A. ausgewandert, bezw. wollen es in nachster Zeit tun. Ich werde Dir bestimmt in Amerika nicht zur Last fallen, da ich gewohnt bin zu arbeiten. Schreibe bitte an den amerikanischen Joint (American Joint), ob Du in der Lage bist, mir ein Affidavit zu stellen und ob es Dir Deine finanziellen Verhaltnisse erlauben. Nachstehend die genaue Adresse des American Joint: American Joint, Stuttgart-West, Reinsburgstrasse Nr. 26, Waihinhaus, Germany. Nun will ich fur heute schliessen. Hoffentlich geht es Dir und Deiner Familie gut. Mit den herzlichsten Grussen an Euch Alle, verbleibe ich Dein Cousin Jo. Oppenheimer [Handwritten postscript:] Falls der erste Brief verloren ging schicke ich denselben nochmals.

Josef Oppenheimer (born 1924) was the son of Moses Oppenheimer. After surviving Theresienstadt concentration camp and subsequent imprisonment, he wrote this typed letter to his cousin Mina Kaufmann in Baltimore, requesting an affidavit (sponsorship document) to emigrate to the United States. The letter was sent via the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC/"Joint") office in Stuttgart, which assisted Holocaust survivors with mail and emigration. Josef eventually emigrated to Florida on August 17, 1949.

1) Dear Cousin! Gemmingen, October 30, 1946 I found your address earlier at the town hall in Gemmingen. As I begin this letter -- your dear mother is after all in America. It is a miracle from God to me that you survived the terrible times. But very few of us survived this dreadful catastrophe. My dear father died in KZ Buchenwald concentration camp. My Uncle Julius and Aunt Elsa, Aunt Frieda and their children were deported and never returned. Aunt Klara was together with your dear father at Burkenbrausch [?] and I went to look for many things. Only my sister Margrit [Margit] and I survived the concentration camp period. My sister worked as a gardener and in a wood factory. She emigrated to Palestine half a year ago and is near a settlement that was established in 1939. Now I will report about myself: At the beginning of 1939, I was at the Jewish emigration training estate in Esslingen, then at the Jewish emigration training farm at [continues on page 2]

1) Liebe Cousine! Gemmingen den 30.10.46 Ich habe fruher Deine Adresse auf dem Rathaus in Gemmingen aufgefunden. Als ich mit dem Brief anfange, ich Deine liebe Mutter geht doch bis in Amerika. Es ist mir ein Gotterwunder, dass Du die schwere Zeit uberstanden hast. Doch auf haben sehr wenige von uns diese schreckliche Katastrophe uberlebt. Mein lieber Vater ist in dem K.Z. Buchenwald gestorben. Mein Onkel Julius und Tante Elsa, Tante Frieda und deren Kinder sind verschleppt und sind nicht mehr zuruckgekehrt. Tante Klara war zusammen mit Deinem lieben Vater nach Burkenbrausch [?] und gehe ich habe ich auf vieles [?] war es gespaht. Nur meine Schwester Margrit und ich haben die K.Z. Zeit uberstanden. Meine Schwester war ein Gartnerin und Holzfabrik. Sie ist von einem halben Jahre nach Palastina mit ausgewandert und befindet sich in der Nahe von einer Ortschaft nanntes [?] die 1939 mit zusammengebaut ist. Mein, will ich von mir berichten: Anfang 1939 war ich von den jud. Auswanderunglehrgut in Esslingen auf dem jud. Auswanderungslehrgut

This is the first page of a 3-page handwritten letter from Josef Oppenheimer, written on the same date as the typed letter (October 30, 1946) but apparently a more personal, detailed account. He provides crucial family information: his father Moses Oppenheimer died at KZ Buchenwald, Uncle Julius and Aunt Elsa Oppenheimer were deported and did not return, Aunt Frieda and her children were deported and did not return, Aunt Klara (Kaufmann, nee Oppenheimer) is mentioned in connection with the recipient's father. Only Josef and his sister Margit survived the camps. Margit had emigrated to Palestine about half a year before (around early 1946). Josef had been at Jewish emigration training farms (Hachshara) in Esslingen and then Grossbreesen near Breslau.

2) Grossbreesen near Breslau. But after the war began, I too was deported. In January 1942 [to] KZ Theresienstadt, where I remained for 1 1/2 years. From there I was then sent to KZ Oranienburg [Sachsenhausen] near Berlin, where I remained until the end. My work there consisted of gardening and digging, and forced road construction labor. Regarding those to whom I wrote letters -- eventually an explanation was given about what had happened on the other side. Everything was to be destroyed. When I returned from the concentration camp, I made sure that the belongings were returned immediately. The small items were mostly still scattered, clothing had been stored. The porcelain went to a Mrs. Kleene. But I encountered an unfriendly family, so I would have preferred to live elsewhere with the money. The housing situation is tight and physically still leaves much to be desired. Most Germans who lived through this time do not feel their guilt or something they should repent for. Indeed, in Germany it is hardly possible to live anywhere. [continues on page 3]

2) Grossbreesen bei Breslau. Doch nach dem Kriege Anfangen musste ich auch mit verschleppt werden. Im Januar 1942 K.Z. Theresienstadt, dort befindlich auf 1 1/2 Jahre. Von dort kam ich dann in das K.Z. Oranienburg bei Berlin, in dem ich auf bis zuletzt befand. Meine Beschaftigung waren dort Gartenbau und Spaten, die diesen Arbeits Strassenarbeiten gezwingender genommen. Von den die dazu Briefe geschrieben habe selbstlich, eine Aufklarung wird mit dem Druben gemacht worden ist. Das ganze Heil wird doch zerstort werden. Als ich aus dem K.Z. zuruckkam, habe ich dafur gesorgt, dass die Sachen wieder zuruckgegeben werden sofort. Die kleinen waren meistens noch verstreut, Kleidung hat gewachst. Die Porzellane kamen an die Frau Kleene. Doch ich habe ich eine unfreundliche Familie angetroffen, dass ich andere Geld gerne leben habe. Die Wohnungssituation ist eng und die Lucken lasst korperlich noch zu wunschen ubrig. Die meisten Deutschen fuhlen die diese Zeit aktuell haben, ihre Schuld nicht etwas habe der mit versundigen. Ja in Deutschland geht's kaum irgendwo zu leben ist.

Page 2 reveals Josef's deportation and survival journey: January 1942 deported to KZ Theresienstadt (he was about 18 years old), spent 1.5 years at Theresienstadt, transferred to KZ Oranienburg/Sachsenhausen near Berlin, forced to do gardening, digging, and road construction labor. After liberation, he returned to find family belongings scattered and seized. He describes the hostile post-war environment in Germany and German unwillingness to acknowledge guilt.

3) and I would like to emigrate to America. For immigration, an affidavit or food package is needed, and I would like to ask you for this. Apparently your financial means would allow you to provide me with an affidavit. I would not be a burden in America, as I am used to working. I have also already written to my cousin Mina in Franklinton asking for an affidavit, but am still waiting for word from her. Now I want to close for today. I hope you and your family are well. With the warmest regards to all of you, I remain. Josef Oppenheimer. My exact address is: Josef Oppenheimer, Stuttgart-Lederberg Neuwiesenstrasse 239, American Zone Germany [Handwritten postscript:] Enclosed is a letter about the previous Jewish history in Gemmingen; please also ask Cousin Sophie to write.

3) und ich mochte wie ich gerne nach Amerika auswandern. Zur Einwanderung ist ein Affidavit oder Foodpaket, und dass ich Dich bitten mochte. Offenbar existieren auf Dir Deine finanziellen Moglichkeiten, mir ein Affidavit zu stellen. Ich werde in Amerika nicht gut doch halten, der ich gewohnt bin zu arbeiten. Meiner Cousine Mina in Franklinton habe ich auch schon einen Affidavit geschrieben, warte aber noch auf Nachricht von ihr. Nun will ich hier heute schliessen. Hoffentlich geht es Dir und Deiner Familie gut. Mit den herzlichsten an Euch Alle, verbleibe ich. Josef Oppenheimer. Meine genaue Adresse ist: Josef Oppenheimer, Stuttgart-Lederberg Neuwiesenstrasse 239, Am. Zone Germany [Handwritten postscript:] Anbei ein Brief uber die bisherigen judische Geschichte in Gemmingen, spreche Cousine Sophie auch zu schreiben.

The final page of Josef's handwritten letter reveals his strong desire to emigrate to America, his need for an affidavit or food packages, that he had written to another cousin Mina in Franklinton as well, and mentions a Cousin Sophie. His address was Stuttgart-Lederberg, Neuwiesenstrasse 239, in the American Occupation Zone. He enclosed a document about Jewish history in Gemmingen. Josef eventually succeeded in emigrating to Florida on August 17, 1949.